rabbit anti-human tlr2 polyclonal antibodies  (Thermo Fisher)

Journal: Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

Article Title: Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2

doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-0514-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IgA, and cytokines . Associated immune factors were measured in ileum homogenates prepared on day 39 of the experiment (at slaughter). a TLR2 protein expression, the ratios of TLR2 to GAPDH were normalized to the control. b TLR9 protein expression, the ratios of TLR9 to GAPDH were normalized to the control. c IgA expression. d-h Cytokine IL1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression. i Porcine β-defensin 2 expression. The error bars represent standard deviations. * 0.01 < p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (compared to the Ctrl group)

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-human TLR2 and TLR9 polyclonal antibodies were purchased from Thermo Scientific USA.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Puerarin protects brain tissue against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.147934

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of puerarin on TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA expression in the peri-infarct area of rats at 24 hours after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. * P < 0.05, vs . vehicle group; # P < 0.05, vs . sham surgery group. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD ( n = 6), and one-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test were used. TLR4: Toll-like recep-tor-4; MyD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.

Article Snippet: After three rinses with PBS, the sections were blocked with 5% goat serum for 30 minutes, and were then incubated successively overnight at 4°C with primary rabbit anti-rat polyclonal antibodies (Toll-like receptor 4, 1:250; myeloid differentiation factor 88, 1:250; nuclear factor kappa B, 1:100; tumor necrosis factor-α, 1:200; all from Boster, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Puerarin protects brain tissue against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.147934

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of puerarin on the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and TNF-α protein in the peri-infarct area 24 hours after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (immunohistochemical staining). (A) Photomicrographs of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB and TNF-α-immu-noreactive cells (brown grains in cytoplasm, × 200). Few positive cells were found in the sham surgery group. (B) Percentage of all counted cells that were immunopositive for TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB or TNF-α. * P < 0.05, vs . sham surgery group; # P < 0.05, vs . vehicle group. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD ( n = 6), and one-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test were used. TLR4: Toll-like recep-tor-4; MyD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.

Article Snippet: After three rinses with PBS, the sections were blocked with 5% goat serum for 30 minutes, and were then incubated successively overnight at 4°C with primary rabbit anti-rat polyclonal antibodies (Toll-like receptor 4, 1:250; myeloid differentiation factor 88, 1:250; nuclear factor kappa B, 1:100; tumor necrosis factor-α, 1:200; all from Boster, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI

Article Title: Glucose-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids Downregulate Toll-Like Receptors and Trigger Hyporesponsiveness to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ▿

doi: 10.1128/CVI.00453-09

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solutions decrease TLR2 and TLR4 expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Cells were treated with 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin (Extraneal) for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h for mRNA expression and for 24, 48, and 72 h for protein expression. Real-time PCR and immunoblot analyses were used to determine the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression levels. Incubation of cells with 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin for 6 and 12 h did not influence TLR2 (A) and TLR4 (B) mRNA expression. However, at 24, 36, and 48 h, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in the glucose-based PD solution treatment groups was significantly downregulated compared to that in the control group (P < 0.01). (C) In addition, incubation of cells with 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin for 24 h did not influence TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression. However, at 48 (D) and 72 (E) h, TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression in the glucose-based PD solution treatment groups was significantly downregulated compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Icodextrin-based PD solutions did not influence TLR2 and TLR4 expression. (F) Cells were analyzed at 48 h by immunofluorescence with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibodies, and the intensity values of the cells were measured with LSM 510 confocal software. The positions of the nuclei are indicated by DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) fluorescence. Data are expressed as means ± SD for three individual experiments. D1.5%, D2.5%, D4.25%, and E7.5% represent 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin, respectively. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 versus control.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-human TLR2 polyclonal antibody, rabbit anti-human TLR4 monoclonal antibody (MAb), rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies against p38 MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 , JNK, phospho-JNK Thr183/Tyr185 , p44/42 MAPK, NF-κB p65, and phospho-NF-κB p65 Ser536 , and mouse anti-human polyclonal antibodies against phospho-p44/42 MAPK Thr202/Tyr204 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA).

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Incubation, Control, Immunofluorescence, Software, Fluorescence

Journal: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI

Article Title: Glucose-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids Downregulate Toll-Like Receptors and Trigger Hyporesponsiveness to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ▿

doi: 10.1128/CVI.00453-09

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR ligand-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling is reduced in glucose-based PD solution-treated human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Cells were pretreated with 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin (Extraneal) for 48 h and then treated with TLR2 (Pam3CSK4; 250 ng/ml) or TLR4 (LPS; 1 μg/ml) ligand for 60 min. Immunoblot analysis was used to determine phosphorylated p38 MAPK, JNK, and p44/42 MAPK protein levels. Cells pretreated with glucose-based PD solutions that were stimulated with either Pam3CSK4 or LPS exhibited lower levels of phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK (A), JNK (B), p38 (C), and NF-κB p65 (D) than did untreated cells. Cells preincubated with icodextrin-based PD solutions did not shown an influence on TLR ligand-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Data are expressed as means ± SD for three individual experiments. D1.5%, D2.5%, D4.25%, and E7.5% represent 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin, respectively. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 versus control.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-human TLR2 polyclonal antibody, rabbit anti-human TLR4 monoclonal antibody (MAb), rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies against p38 MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 , JNK, phospho-JNK Thr183/Tyr185 , p44/42 MAPK, NF-κB p65, and phospho-NF-κB p65 Ser536 , and mouse anti-human polyclonal antibodies against phospho-p44/42 MAPK Thr202/Tyr204 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control

Journal: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI

Article Title: Glucose-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids Downregulate Toll-Like Receptors and Trigger Hyporesponsiveness to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ▿

doi: 10.1128/CVI.00453-09

Figure Lengend Snippet: Decreased cytokine production in glucose-based PD solution-treated human peritoneal mesothelial cells upon TLR ligand induction. Cells were pretreated with 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin (Extraneal) for 48 h and then treated with TLR2 (Pam3CSK4; 250 ng/ml) (A) or TLR4 (LPS; 1 μg/ml) (B) ligand for 2 h. Real-time PCR was used to determine TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression. TNF-α and IL-1β syntheses were decreased upon Pam3CSK4 and LPS challenge in glucose-based PD solution-treated mesothelial cells compared to those in the control (untreated cells) (P < 0.05). No significant changes in TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression were observed in icodextrin-based PD solution-treated mesothelial cells. Data are expressed as means ± SD for three individual experiments. D1.5%, D2.5%, D4.25%, and E7.5% represent 1.5% Dianeal, 2.5% Dianeal, 4.25% Dianeal, and 7.5% icodextrin, respectively. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 versus control.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-human TLR2 polyclonal antibody, rabbit anti-human TLR4 monoclonal antibody (MAb), rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies against p38 MAPK, phospho-p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 , JNK, phospho-JNK Thr183/Tyr185 , p44/42 MAPK, NF-κB p65, and phospho-NF-κB p65 Ser536 , and mouse anti-human polyclonal antibodies against phospho-p44/42 MAPK Thr202/Tyr204 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA).

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Control